![]() Because the oil FVF is greater for volatile oils than black oils, the latter yield greater OOIP per unit volume. The inverse of the oil FVF yields a measure of the original oil in place (OOIP) per unit volume of reservoir pore space. McCain has found success in the use of the heptanes-plus content as a correlating parameter. These relations establish molecular weight as a credible correlating parameter. Black oils exhibit an initial GOR in the range of 200 to 900 scf/STB. Volatile oils exhibit an initial GOR in the range of 900 to 3,500 scf/STB. Black oils exhibit an initial oil FVF in the range of 1.1 to 1.5. Volatile oils exhibit an initial oil FVF in the range of 1.5 to 3.0. 1 – (a) Initial formation volume factor (FVF) and (b) initial dissolved GOR as a function of initial fluid molecular weight. This range of molecular weights covers the full spectrum of petroleum fluids ranging from dry gases to heavy oils.įig. 1 spans from a molecular weight of 15 to 180. 1 plots the initial formation volume factor (FVF) and initial dissolved gas/oil ratio (GOR) as a function of reservoir-fluid molecular weight for 36 reservoir fluids. Several benchmark properties can be correlated with the reservoir fluid’s initial molecular weight. Their volatilized-oil/gas ratio typically ranges from 10 to 300 STB/MMscf or 0.4 to 8 gal/Mscf. In contrast, the volatilized-oil content of gases from volatile oils is much greater. ![]() The volatilized-oil/gas ratio of equilibrium gases of black oils is usually less than 1 to 10 STB/MMscf (approximately 0.04 to 0.4 gal/Mscf).The volatilized-oil content of these gases is so low that it usually is ignored. The volatilized-oil content of gases is quantified in terms of their volatilized-oil/gas ratio, typically expressed in units of STB/MMscf or stock-tank m 3 per std m 3 of separator gas. Natural-gas liquids are derived from the gas-processing plant and are called plant products. ![]() It should not be confused with and is distinctly different from natural-gas liquids. Volatilized oil is reported conventionally as part of the crude-oil reserves and production. Gas condensates and wet gases also contain volatilized oil. Volatilized oil also is called lease condensate or distillate. Physically, intermediate-hydrocarbon components, typically C 2 through C 7, dominate this fraction. Condensation may take place within the reservoir as the gas passes through the lease separators. Condensable refers to the portion that condenses or "drops out" during pressure reduction and ultimately results as stock-tank liquid. ![]() The volatilized-oil content of a gas represents its condensable liquid portion. The defining property that distinguishes black and volatile oils is the volatilized-oil content of their equilibrium gases. This table includes the properties of the full range of petroleum fluids, including gases. Table 1 summarizes their characteristics. Volatile and black oils are characterized in terms of a number of different properties. High-shrinkage oils represent the high-molecular-weight end of volatile oils and can include some light black oils. Near-critical fluids represent light volatile oils and can include some very rich condensates. For instance, volatile oils include near-critical fluids and high-shrinkage oils. A molecular weight of 43 marks the lower molecular-weight limit of volatile oils.īlack and volatile oils are sometimes subdivided into different fluid types. Fluids with molecular weights of less than 43 are generally gases, which include gas condensates, wet gases, and dry gases. Oils with molecular weights greater than 210 usually are classified as heavy oils. In contrast, volatile oils are lower in molecular weight than black oils and typically range from 43 to 70. ![]() Black oils typically range from 70 to 150 in molecular weight but may range as high as 190 to 210. Despite this lack of precision and the occasional confusion it brings, classification is quite useful and popular. There is no strict definition of volatile and black oils there are only general guidelines and characteristics. The petroleum fluid spectrum is gradational. Volatile and black oil fluid characteristics 1 Volatile and black oil fluid characteristics. ![]()
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